Buy FORD FUSION from USA

Found: 1 420 cars • 62/71
Salvage статус
2016 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0RU8GR203939. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0RU8GR203939. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0RU8GR203939. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0RU8GR203939. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0RU8GR203939. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0RU8GR203939. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · 141 HP Fuel typeHybrid

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

108 805 mi

Rear End, Side

Austin (TX)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0T95HR215181. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0T95HR215181. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0T95HR215181. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0T95HR215181. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0T95HR215181. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0T95HR215181. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 231 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

75 580 mi

Side, Hail

Austin (TX)

Stationary

Salvage статус
2018 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD8JR175147. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD8JR175147. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD8JR175147. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD8JR175147. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD8JR175147. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD8JR175147. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine1.5L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 181 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

98 909 mi

Front End

Milwaukee (WI)

Stationary

2009 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FAHP07109R114824. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2009 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FAHP07109R114824. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2009 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FAHP07109R114824. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2009 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FAHP07109R114824. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2009 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FAHP07109R114824. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2009 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FAHP07109R114824. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine3L · V-6 · 221 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

180 033 mi

Front End

Fort Worth North (TX)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2016 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0LU7GR397890. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0LU7GR397890. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0LU7GR397890. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0LU7GR397890. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0LU7GR397890. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0LU7GR397890. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · 141 HP Fuel typeHybrid

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

171 998 mi

Front & Rear, Side

Lubbock (TX)

Stationary

2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0LU4DR253872. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0LU4DR253872. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0LU4DR253872. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0LU4DR253872. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0LU4DR253872. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0LU4DR253872. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · 141 HP Fuel typeHybrid

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

0 mi

-

Tulsa (OK)

-

Salvage статус
2019 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD9KR161260. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD9KR161260. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD9KR161260. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD9KR161260. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD9KR161260. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD9KR161260. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine1.5L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 181 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

98 891 mi

-

Baton Rouge (LA)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2015 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0SU9FR289738. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0SU9FR289738. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0SU9FR289738. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0SU9FR289738. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0SU9FR289738. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0SU9FR289738. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · 141 HP Fuel typeHybrid

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

142 721 mi

Rear End

Milwaukee (WI)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2014 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H9XER135735. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2014 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H9XER135735. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2014 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H9XER135735. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2014 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H9XER135735. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2014 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H9XER135735. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2014 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H9XER135735. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 231 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

56 426 mi

Side

Austin (TX)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HR7DR125355. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HR7DR125355. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HR7DR125355. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HR7DR125355. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HR7DR125355. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HR7DR125355. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine1.6L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 173 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

132 389 mi

Rear End, Hail

Des Moines (IA)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD4LR256293. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD4LR256293. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD4LR256293. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD4LR256293. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD4LR256293. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD4LR256293. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine1.5L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 181 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

167 782 mi

Rear End

Fort Worth North (TX)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H99HR170013. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H99HR170013. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H99HR170013. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H99HR170013. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H99HR170013. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H99HR170013. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 231 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

81 542 mi

Front End

Fort Worth North (TX)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0K92LR135699. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0K92LR135699. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0K92LR135699. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0K92LR135699. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0K92LR135699. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0K92LR135699. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 245 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

1 mi

Front & Rear, Side

St. Louis (IL)

Stationary

Salvage статус
2015 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H9XFR204022. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H9XFR204022. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H9XFR204022. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H9XFR204022. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H9XFR204022. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H9XFR204022. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 231 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

159 405 mi

Front End

Sioux Falls (SD)

Stationary

Salvage статус
2019 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0CD6KR140504. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0CD6KR140504. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0CD6KR140504. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0CD6KR140504. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0CD6KR140504. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0CD6KR140504. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine1.5L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 181 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

161 554 mi

Rear End, Hail

Austin (TX)

Stationary

Salvage статус
2010 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FAHP0HA7AR373250. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2010 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FAHP0HA7AR373250. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2010 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FAHP0HA7AR373250. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2010 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FAHP0HA7AR373250. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2010 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FAHP0HA7AR373250. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2010 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FAHP0HA7AR373250. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2.5L · Inline-4 · 175 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

215 645 mi

Front End

Austin (TX)

Stationary

Salvage статус
2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H79DR113867. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H79DR113867. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H79DR113867. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H79DR113867. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H79DR113867. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2013 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0H79DR113867. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2.5L · Inline-4 · 175 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

189 470 mi

Suspension

Milwaukee (WI)

Starts

Salvage статус
2018 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD0JR154440. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD0JR154440. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD0JR154440. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD0JR154440. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD0JR154440. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD0JR154440. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine1.5L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 181 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

75 442 mi

Side

Tulsa (OK)

Run and Drive

2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD2LR256650. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD2LR256650. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD2LR256650. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD2LR256650. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD2LR256650. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD2LR256650. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine1.5L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 181 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

108 283 mi

Front End, Side

Chicago-South (IL)

Stationary

Salvage статус
2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD0HR115356. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD0HR115356. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD0HR115356. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD0HR115356. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD0HR115356. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Ford Fusion, VIN 3FA6P0HD0HR115356. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine1.5L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 181 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

147 374 mi

-

Lubbock (TX)

Run and Drive

Browse FORD models

Why Buy Ford from USA

Copart and IAAI auctions list 200-500 Ford vehicles daily. The average price for a 2018-2020 Ford F-150 is $8,000-$12,000, which is 35-40% cheaper than the European market. This makes buying a Ford from the USA not just an opportunity for variety, but also for significant savings.

Most Popular Ford Models at Auction

When it comes to popular models, there are several standout choices that you should consider. The Ford Bronco has made a resurgence and is known for its rugged off-road capabilities. It's a great option if you're looking for adventure and fun. Another solid pick is the Ford Bronco Sport, which offers a more compact design while still retaining impressive off-road features. It’s perfect for those who want a versatile SUV without the bulk. If you're in the market for something more family-oriented, the Ford C-Max is a reliable hybrid that provides excellent fuel efficiency, making it a practical choice for daily commutes. Don’t overlook the Ford Crown Victoria, a classic choice known for its durability and comfort, especially for those who may be looking for a used police cruiser or a spacious sedan.

What to Look for When Choosing

When selecting a Ford at auction, there are several key factors to keep in mind. First, always check for damage types—avoid vehicles with frame damage or extensive water damage, as these can lead to costly repairs. Aim for a mileage count under 100,000 miles for better longevity, and be cautious with models from years known for specific issues. For instance, certain models from 2010-2012 have been reported to experience transmission problems, so do your homework before bidding.

How Much Does It Cost to Import Ford

To give you a clearer picture of the costs involved in importing a Ford, consider this breakdown: If you purchase a car for $10,000 at auction, you can expect to pay around $1,800 for shipping. Customs fees can range from $2,500 to $4,000 depending on your location and the specifics of the import. This brings the total cost to approximately $14,000-$16,000. For a more personalized estimate, check out our calculator.

If you're ready to dive into the world of Ford auctions, consider checking out the Ford E-150 for a reliable work van, or the Ford E-Transit for a modern electric option. Each of these models offers unique advantages that could fit your specific needs.

Also, don't forget that Ford is the parent company of Lincoln, which offers luxury models like the ones found at Lincoln auctions. This could be another avenue to explore if you're looking for something a bit more upscale.