Buy JEEP COMPASS from USA 2012–2026

Found: 640 cars • 23/32
2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJCBA0GD524956. Photo 1 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJCBA0GD524956. Photo 2 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJCBA0GD524956. Photo 3 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJCBA0GD524956. Photo 4 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJCBA0GD524956. Photo 5 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJCBA0GD524956. Photo 6 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

133 356 mi

Front End

OR - Portland North

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDDN0RT151114. Photo 1 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDDN0RT151114. Photo 2 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDDN0RT151114. Photo 3 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDDN0RT151114. Photo 4 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDDN0RT151114. Photo 5 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDDN0RT151114. Photo 6 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

11 590 mi

Side

WA - North Seattle

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCB9JT397591. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCB9JT397591. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCB9JT397591. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCB9JT397591. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCB9JT397591. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCB9JT397591. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2.4L · Inline-4 · 180 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

140 244 mi

Side

Flint (MI)

Stationary

Salvage статус
2023 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN0PT510055. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2023 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN0PT510055. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2023 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN0PT510055. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2023 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN0PT510055. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2023 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN0PT510055. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2023 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN0PT510055. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 200 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

32 505 mi

Front End

Flint (MI)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2022 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB2NT174140. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2022 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB2NT174140. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2022 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB2NT174140. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2022 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB2NT174140. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2022 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB2NT174140. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2022 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB2NT174140. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2.4L · Inline-4 · 177 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

23 936 mi

Rear End, Side

Pulaski (VA)

Run and Drive

2015 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDBB1FD426998. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDBB1FD426998. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDBB1FD426998. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDBB1FD426998. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDBB1FD426998. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDBB1FD426998. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2.4L · Inline-4 · 172 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

168 427 mi

Normal Wear

Greenville (SC)

Stationary

Salvage статус
2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDBB0GD673852. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDBB0GD673852. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDBB0GD673852. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDBB0GD673852. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDBB0GD673852. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDBB0GD673852. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2.4L · Inline-4 · 172 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

116 844 mi

Side

Flint (MI)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN5RT116263. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN5RT116263. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN5RT116263. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN5RT116263. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN5RT116263. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN5RT116263. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 200 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

15 986 mi

Side

Southern New Jersey (NJ)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDEB8MT553833. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDEB8MT553833. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDEB8MT553833. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDEB8MT553833. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDEB8MT553833. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDEB8MT553833. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2.4L · Inline-4 · 180 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

54 194 mi

-

Taunton (MA)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB1MT520712. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB1MT520712. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB1MT520712. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB1MT520712. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB1MT520712. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB1MT520712. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2.4L · Inline-4 · 180 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

58 675 mi

Front End

Cleveland (OH)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDEB7GD768694. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDEB7GD768694. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDEB7GD768694. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDEB7GD768694. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDEB7GD768694. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDEB7GD768694. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2.4L · Inline-4 · 172 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

103 761 mi

Side

Cleveland (OH)

Run and Drive

Ключ відсутній
Salvage статус
2023 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN8PT519845. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2023 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN8PT519845. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2023 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN8PT519845. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2023 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN8PT519845. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2023 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN8PT519845. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2023 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCN8PT519845. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 200 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

41 515 mi

Front End

Cleveland (OH)

Stationary

Salvage статус
2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDFN9RT130047. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDFN9RT130047. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDFN9RT130047. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDFN9RT130047. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDFN9RT130047. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2024 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDFN9RT130047. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 200 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

8 776 mi

Side

South Bend (IN)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJCAB6JT487262. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJCAB6JT487262. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJCAB6JT487262. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJCAB6JT487262. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJCAB6JT487262. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJCAB6JT487262. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2.4L · Inline-4 · 180 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionManual Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

83 804 mi

Front End

Suffolk (VA)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2019 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCB9KT594519. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCB9KT594519. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCB9KT594519. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCB9KT594519. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCB9KT594519. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCB9KT594519. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2.4L · Inline-4 · 180 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

109 123 mi

Front End

Albany (NY)

Stationary

Salvage статус
2025 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCNXST570904. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2025 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCNXST570904. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2025 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCNXST570904. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2025 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCNXST570904. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2025 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCNXST570904. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2025 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDCNXST570904. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 200 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

11 784 mi

Side

Long Island (NY)

Stationary

2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJCBA4GD753544. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJCBA4GD753544. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJCBA4GD753544. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJCBA4GD753544. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJCBA4GD753544. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJCBA4GD753544. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · 158 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

143 895 mi

Transmission Damage, All Over

Roanoke (VA)

Run and Drive

2014 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDEB4ED886554. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2014 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDEB4ED886554. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2014 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDEB4ED886554. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2014 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDEB4ED886554. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2014 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDEB4ED886554. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2014 Jeep Compass, VIN 1C4NJDEB4ED886554. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2.4L · Inline-4 · 172 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

157 481 mi

Front & Rear

Long Island (NY)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB6JT179044. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB6JT179044. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB6JT179044. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB6JT179044. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB6JT179044. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDBB6JT179044. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2.4L · Inline-4 · 180 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

105 417 mi

Front End

Cleveland (OH)

Stationary

Salvage статус
2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDEB8MT601668. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDEB8MT601668. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDEB8MT601668. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDEB8MT601668. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDEB8MT601668. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2021 Jeep Compass, VIN 3C4NJDEB8MT601668. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2.4L · Inline-4 · 180 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

81 346 mi

-

Cleveland (OH)

Stationary

Browse JEEP models

Why Buy Jeep from USA

Did you know that Copart and IAAI auctions list between 200 to 500 Jeep vehicles daily? The average price for a 2018-2020 Jeep Grand Cherokee is typically around $8,000 to $12,000, which is about 35-40% cheaper than the European market. This price difference presents a fantastic opportunity for those looking to buy a rugged, reliable vehicle without breaking the bank.

Most Popular Jeep Models at Auction

When it comes to purchasing a Jeep, several models stand out as favorites among buyers. Here are a few that you might want to consider:

  • Jeep Cherokee: Known for its comfortable ride and advanced tech features, the Cherokee offers a great balance for daily driving and off-road adventures.
  • Jeep Compass: This compact SUV is perfect for city dwellers who still want a taste of the outdoors, combining versatility with a stylish design.
  • Jeep Gladiator: If you're looking for a truck with off-road capabilities, the Gladiator is a fantastic choice, providing both utility and that classic Jeep feel.
  • Jeep Grand Cherokee: This model is a perennial favorite for its spacious interior and strong performance, making it ideal for families and long road trips.

What to Look for When Choosing

When you're in the market for a Jeep, there are a few key considerations to keep in mind. First, be cautious of vehicles with significant frame damage or rust, as these can lead to costly repairs down the line. Mileage is another factor; ideally, you want to look for models with under 100,000 miles, as higher mileage can often lead to increased wear and tear. Additionally, be aware of specific years that have known issues. For example, the 2011 Jeep Grand Cherokee had some complaints regarding its transmission, so it might be wise to avoid that model year.

How Much Does It Cost to Import Jeep

So, you’ve found a Jeep at auction. What will it actually cost you to bring it home? Let’s break it down: if the car costs $10,000 at auction, you can expect around $1,800 for shipping. Customs can range from $2,500 to $4,000 depending on your location and the value of the vehicle. This brings your total cost to approximately $14,000 to $16,000. To get a more accurate estimate for your specific situation, check out our calculator.

If you're ready to take the plunge, I recommend checking out the Jeep Grand Cherokee or the Jeep Compass for reliable choices that fit a variety of lifestyles.

And if you're interested in exploring other brands under the Stellantis umbrella, take a look at Dodge or Chrysler for additional options that share similar platforms and features.