Buy LINCOLN MKZ from USA 2015–2026

Found: 200 cars • 1/10
Salvage статус
2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D90HR623987. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D90HR623987. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D90HR623987. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D90HR623987. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D90HR623987. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D90HR623987. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 240 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

119 343 mi

Rear End

Detroit (MI)

Run and Drive

2015 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2JK6FR619106. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2JK6FR619106. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2JK6FR619106. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2JK6FR619106. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2JK6FR619106. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2JK6FR619106. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine3.7L · V-6 · 300 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

127 947 mi

Front End

Monticello (NY)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2015 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2J95FR603668. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2J95FR603668. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2J95FR603668. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2J95FR603668. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2J95FR603668. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2015 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2J95FR603668. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 240 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

33 672 mi

Front End

Syracuse (NY)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5LU7KR631114. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5LU7KR631114. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5LU7KR631114. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5LU7KR631114. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5LU7KR631114. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5LU7KR631114. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · 141 HP Fuel typeHybrid

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

92 911 mi

Side, Rear End

Atlanta East (GA)

Run and Drive

2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G9XGR615095. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G9XGR615095. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G9XGR615095. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G9XGR615095. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G9XGR615095. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G9XGR615095. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 240 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

65 234 mi

Front End, Side

Miami-North (FL)

Run and Drive

Ключ відсутній
Salvage статус
2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F9XHR647517. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F9XHR647517. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F9XHR647517. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F9XHR647517. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F9XHR647517. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F9XHR647517. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 240 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

120 209 mi

Front End

Hartford (CT)

Stationary

Salvage статус
2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F99LR601931. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F99LR601931. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F99LR601931. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F99LR601931. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F99LR601931. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F99LR601931. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 245 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

57 227 mi

Front End

Baltimore (MD)

Stationary

Salvage статус
2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5LU8LR613531. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5LU8LR613531. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5LU8LR613531. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5LU8LR613531. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5LU8LR613531. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5LU8LR613531. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · 141 HP Fuel typeHybrid

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

62 188 mi

Undercarriage

Detroit (MI)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D93KR624106. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D93KR624106. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D93KR624106. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D93KR624106. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D93KR624106. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D93KR624106. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 245 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

64 054 mi

-

Syracuse (NY)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G95GR615537. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G95GR615537. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G95GR615537. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G95GR615537. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G95GR615537. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G95GR615537. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 240 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

208 316 mi

Front End

Baltimore (MD)

Starts

2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D99KR613031. Photo 1 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D99KR613031. Photo 2 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D99KR613031. Photo 3 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D99KR613031. Photo 4 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D99KR613031. Photo 5 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D99KR613031. Photo 6 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

0 mi

Front End, Mechanical

NH - Candia

Stationary

2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5E92LR612951. Photo 1 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5E92LR612951. Photo 2 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5E92LR612951. Photo 3 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5E92LR612951. Photo 4 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5E92LR612951. Photo 5 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5E92LR612951. Photo 6 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

75 732 mi

Front End

FL - West Palm Beach

Run and Drive

2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D92KR624064. Photo 1 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D92KR624064. Photo 2 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D92KR624064. Photo 3 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D92KR624064. Photo 4 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D92KR624064. Photo 5 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2019 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5D92KR624064. Photo 6 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

19 587 mi

Front End, Rear End

NY - Newburgh

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2018 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F97JR629322. Photo 1 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F97JR629322. Photo 2 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F97JR629322. Photo 3 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F97JR629322. Photo 4 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F97JR629322. Photo 5 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2018 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F97JR629322. Photo 6 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

79 609 mi

Rear End

RI - Exeter

Run and Drive

2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G90GR627627. Photo 1 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G90GR627627. Photo 2 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G90GR627627. Photo 3 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G90GR627627. Photo 4 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G90GR627627. Photo 5 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2G90GR627627. Photo 6 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

118 938 mi

Front End, Side

KY - Louisville

Run and Drive

2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2GK6GR626260. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2GK6GR626260. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2GK6GR626260. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2GK6GR626260. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2GK6GR626260. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2GK6GR626260. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine3.7L · V-6 · 300 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

208 165 mi

Mechanical

Nashville (TN)

Stationary

Salvage статус
2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2LU1GR633334. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2LU1GR633334. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2LU1GR633334. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2LU1GR633334. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2LU1GR633334. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2016 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L2LU1GR633334. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · 141 HP Fuel typeHybrid

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

176 468 mi

-

Salt Lake City (UT)

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5A91LR611425. Photo 1 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5A91LR611425. Photo 2 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5A91LR611425. Photo 3 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5A91LR611425. Photo 4 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5A91LR611425. Photo 5 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5A91LR611425. Photo 6 of 6 from Copart auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

134 440 mi

Minor Dent/Scratches

OK - Tulsa

Run and Drive

Salvage статус
2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5MU2HR644537. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5MU2HR644537. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5MU2HR644537. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5MU2HR644537. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5MU2HR644537. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2017 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5MU2HR644537. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · 141 HP Fuel typeHybrid

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeFront Wheel Drive

39 012 mi

Suspension

Los Angeles (CA)

Run and Drive

Ключ відсутній
Salvage статус
2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F96LR614264. Photo 1 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F96LR614264. Photo 2 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F96LR614264. Photo 3 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F96LR614264. Photo 4 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F96LR614264. Photo 5 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog. 2020 Lincoln MKZ, VIN 3LN6L5F96LR614264. Photo 6 of 6 from IAAI auction. OpenDataCar US salvage catalog.

Engine2L · Inline-4 · Turbo · 245 HP Fuel typeGasoline

TransmissionAutomatic Drive typeAll Wheel Drive

1 mi

Burn

Portland (OR)

Stationary

Browse LINCOLN models

Why Buy Lincoln from USA

Did you know that Copart and IAAI auctions list between 200 to 500 Lincoln vehicles daily? The average price for a 2018-2020 Lincoln Navigator is around $10,000 to $12,000, which is 35-40% cheaper than its counterparts in the European market. This significant price difference makes purchasing a Lincoln from the USA an attractive option for many buyers.

Most Popular Lincoln Models at Auction

When it comes to buying a Lincoln, several models stand out at auctions for their value and features. Here are a few of the most popular options:

  • Navigator - Known for its spacious interior and powerful performance, the Navigator is a favorite among luxury SUVs.
  • Aviator - This midsize SUV combines performance with luxury, featuring advanced technology and a refined design.
  • MKZ - A stylish sedan that offers a comfortable ride and a range of tech features, the MKZ is a great choice for those who prefer cars over SUVs.
  • Nautilus - Blending comfort and technology, the Nautilus is ideal for buyers looking for a modern crossover.

What to Look for When Choosing

When browsing auctions for a Lincoln, pay attention to a few key details. Avoid vehicles with frame damage, as repairs can be costly. Mileage is another crucial factor; aim for models with less than 60,000 miles to ensure longevity. Additionally, be cautious with years known for specific issues—2015 MKC models, for example, sometimes have electrical problems. Always inspect the vehicle history report before making a decision.

How Much Does It Cost to Import Lincoln

If you're considering importing a Lincoln, it’s essential to understand the costs involved. For instance, if you win a vehicle at auction for $10,000, you should factor in additional expenses: shipping costs are approximately $1,800, while customs fees can range from $2,500 to $4,000. This brings your total cost to about $14,000 to $16,000. To get a more accurate estimate tailored to your situation, check out our calculator.

If you're interested in exploring more Lincoln options, I recommend checking out the Corsair or the MKS for great deals.

Additionally, if you’re looking into other brands under the same corporate group, consider exploring Ford for a variety of vehicles that share platforms and engines with Lincoln models.